European Space Agency
The European Space Agency is a 23-member international organisation devoted to space exploration. It has its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 3,000 people globally as of 2025. ESA was founded in 1975 in the context of European integration. Its 2026 annual budget was around €8.3 billion. Derived from Wikipedia licensed CC-BY-SA.
Open Access statistics for European Space Agency, France, covering academic research published from 2000 to 2025. Read More.
Open Access Percentage
56%
Total
Publications
23K
Total Open
Publications
13K
Total
Citations
854K
Open Access
Percentage
56%
Total
Publications
23K
Total Open
Publications
13K
Total
Citations
854K
Breakdown
Publisher Open
10%
Both
34%
Other Platform Open
9%
Closed
47%
Percentage of Open Access over time
Publisher Open
Both
Other Platform Open
Closed
Volume of Open Access over time
Open
Closed
Publisher Open
OA Journal 71%
6.6K
Hybrid 14%
1.3K
No Guarantees 15%
1.5K
Other Platform Open
Institution 76%
7.2K
Preprint 42%
4K
Other Internet 16%
1.5K
Domain 6%
603
Public 4%
403
Other Platform Locations
Name | Platform Type | Publications |
|---|---|---|
arXiv | Preprint | 4K |
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Diderot | Institution | 1.8K |
doaj.org OAI-PMH Repository | Institution | 1.6K |
DOI | Other Internet | 1.3K |
PubMed Central | Domain | 613 |
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences | Institution | 605 |
Unknown Repository | Other Internet | 578 |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas | Institution | 555 |
University of Groningen | Institution | 514 |
University of Amsterdam | Institution | 365 |