European Space Agency
The European Space Agency is a 23-member international organisation devoted to space exploration. It has its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 2,547 people globally as of 2023. ESA was founded in 1975 in the context of European integration. Its 2025 annual budget was €7.7 billion. Derived from Wikipedia licensed CC-BY-SA.
Open Access statistics for European Space Agency, France, covering academic research published from 2000 to 2024. Read More.
Open Access Percentage
52%
Total
Publications
20K
Total Open
Publications
11K
Total
Citations
724K
Open Access
Percentage
52%
Total
Publications
20K
Total Open
Publications
11K
Total
Citations
724K
Breakdown
Publisher Open
12%
Both
30%
Other Platform Open
6%
Closed
52%
Percentage of Open Access over time
Publisher Open
Both
Other Platform Open
Closed
Volume of Open Access over time
Open
Closed
Publisher Open
OA Journal 49%
3.8K
Hybrid 15%
1.1K
No Guarantees 36%
2.9K
Other Platform Open
Institution 66%
4.9K
Preprint 51%
3.9K
Other Internet 9%
672
Domain 6%
444
Public 2%
116
Other Platform Locations
Name | Platform Type | Publications |
|---|---|---|
arXiv | Preprint | 3.9K |
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Diderot | Institution | 2K |
DANS - Data Archiving and Networked Services | Institution | 796 |
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC - DIGITAL.CSIC) | Institution | 467 |
PubMed Central | Domain | 443 |
DOI | Other Internet | 440 |
U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI OAI | Institution | 294 |
University of Liège - Open Repository and Bibliography | Institution | 262 |
Unknown Repository | Other Internet | 241 |
University of Padua - Padua Research Archive | Institution | 205 |