European Union

European Union

The European Union is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. Derived from Wikipedia licensed CC-BY-SA.

Open Access statistics for European Union, Belgium, covering academic research published from 2000 to 2025. Read More.


Open Access Percentage

62%


Total
Publications

61K


Total Open
Publications

38K


Total
Citations

2.3M


Open Access
Percentage

62%


Total
Publications

61K


Total Open
Publications

38K


Total
Citations

2.3M

Wikipedia

Website

download

Breakdown

16% 27% 18% 39%

Publisher Open

16%

Both

27%

Other Platform Open

18%

Closed

39%

Percentage of Open Access over time

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

Publisher Open

Both

Other Platform Open

Closed

Volume of Open Access over time

05001k1.5k2k2.5k3k3.5k4kTotal Publications
20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

Open

Closed

Publisher Open

46%OA Journal

OA Journal 46%

12K

Hybrid 33%

8.3K

No Guarantees 21%

5.4K

Other Platform Open

Institution 64%

18K

Other Internet 37%

10K

Domain 28%

7.7K

Preprint 6%

1.6K

Public 3%

870

Other Platform Locations

Name

Platform Type

Publications

DOI
Other Internet
8.6K
PubMed Central
Domain
6.9K
doaj.org OAI-PMH Repository
Institution
6K
Unknown Repository
Other Internet
2.4K
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Diderot
Institution
1.6K
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Institution
980
Econstor
Domain
938
RELX Group (Netherlands)
Institution
916
kuleuven.be OAI-PMH Repository
Institution
810
LA Referencia
Institution
774
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Data updated 12 August 2026

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